Kannel 1. 4. 3 User's Guide. Chapter 1. Introduction. This chapter introduces WAP and SMS in general terms, and explains the. WAP and SMS, outlining their duties and features. It. also explains why the Kannel project was started in the first place. With hundreds of millions of mobile phones in use all over the.
Even simple services find plenty of users. Being able to get news, send e- mail. The hottest technology for implementing mobile services is WAP. Wireless Application Protocol. It lets the phone act. The optimized protocols are translated to plain old HTTP by. Nokia Lumia 820 has been officially announced.It's cheaper than 920 but still very unique. CBD RGB AMOLED (800x480) + Super Sensitive touch - 8MP Cam.Carolina windom 160 review.Field tests, user reports and seven product reviews confirm that the CAROLINA WINDOM.The CAROLINA WINDOM is the antenna that has helped. ![]() WAP gateway. Kannel is an open source WAP gateway. It attempts to. provide this essential part of the WAP infrastructure freely. WAP services. both from wireless operators and specialized service providers. Kannel also works as an SMS gateway for GSM networks. Almost. all GSM phones can send and receive SMS messages, so this is. WAP phone. In addition, Kannel operates as Push Proxy Gateway. PPG, making possible for content. This is a new type of WAP service. Usually servers know whether. Kannel's quality has been recognized on March 7, 2. WAP 1. 1 gateway in the world. Greater quality recognition are the quantity of companies. Kannel to successful connect to a variety of SMSC protocols. Open Source. is a way to formalize the principle of openness by placing the. Open Source compliant software. The BSD license was chosen over other Open Source. In. practice this means that Kannel is going to be a fully- featured. WAP implementation and compatible with the maximum number of. SMSC compatibility. The Kannel project was founded by Wapit Ltd in June, 1. WAP, short for Wireless Application Protocol, is a. Traditionally such. SMS messages in GSM networks). Neither are very. WAP makes it possible. World Wide Web. Unlike marketers claim, WAP does not bring the existing. Internet directly to the phone. There are too many. The. main problem is that Internet content is mainly in the form of. HTML pages, and they are written in such way that they require. That's OK, since they hopefully work better for traditional. However, portable phones have. Most existing. HTML pages do not work on mobiles phones, and never will. WAP defines a completely new markup language, the Wireless. Markup Language (WML), which is simpler and much more strictly. HTML. It also defines a scripting language. WMLScript, which all browsers are required to support. To make. things even simpler for the phones, it even defines its own. Wireless Bitmap, or WBMP). HTTP is also too inefficient for wireless use. However, by using. Thus, WAP defines a. However, to make things simpler. WAP. introduces a gateway between the phones and the servers providing. Figure 1- 1. Logical position of WAP gateway (and PPG) between a phone and a. The WAP gateway talks to the phone using the WAP protocol. HTTP. Thus content providers can use any HTTP servers and. HTTP service implementation. In addition to protocol translations, the gateway. WML pages into a more compact form, to. It also compiles WMLScript programs. Latest WAP specifications defines some. Kannel is starting to implement, like. MMS content conversion. Kannel is not just a WAP gateway. It also works as an. SMS gateway. Although WAP is the hot and technically superior. SMS phones exist in huge numbers and SMS services are. Therefore, Kannel functions simultaneously. WAP and an SMS gateway. Previous chapter explained pull mode of operation: the phone. There is, however, situations when the. For this purpose WAP Forum defined WAP Push. Push is an application level service, sitting on the top of. WAP stack. It defines two protocols, OTA and PAP. OTA is. a ligthweigth protocol speaking with WAP stack (to be more specific. WSP), PAP speaks with the push initiator. It defines three kind. XML documents, one for the push data itself and another for. The server does not simply send push content to the phone, the. Instead it sends a specific XML document, either Service. Indication or Service Loading. These inform the user about the content. It contains an URL specifying the service and a text for user. Then the user can decide does he accept push or not. The push content is send ed to the phones over SMS, but the. IP bearer, for instance CSD. GPRS. Because Push Proxy Gateway tokenises SI and SL documents, it. SMS message (if not, it is segmented for transfer). Using two bearers seems to be an unnecessary complication. But. quite simply, phones currently operate this way. Push over GPRS can. SMS, short messaging service, is a way to send short (1. GSM phone to another. It can also. be used to send regular text as well as advanced content like. SMS services are content services. SMS message to certain (usually short) phone. When SMS services are used, the client (mobile terminal). SMS. message to certain number, usually a very short specialized. SMS center responsible. This SMS center. then sends the message onward to specified receiver in intra- or. Internet, using an SMS center specific protocol. For example, a. Nokia SMS center uses CIMD protocol. As practically every different kind of SMS center uses different. SMS gateway is used to handle. SMS centers and to relay them onward in an. Kannel's biggest feature is to abstract each SMSC protocol. HTTP protocol, simplifying services deployment. Figure 1- 2. Logical position of SMS gateway between a phone and a content server. An SMS gateway can also be used to relay SMS messages from. GSM network to another, if the networks do not roam messages. Kannel works as an SMS gateway, talking with many. SMS centers, and relaying the messages onward. HTTP queries. Content providers then. HTTP query and the answer is sent back to mobile. SMS center connection using SMS center. In addition to serving mobile originated (MO) SMS messages. Kannel also works as an SMS push gateway - content providers can. Kannel to send SMS messages to terminals. Kannel then. determines the correct SMS center to relay the SMS message and. SMS message to that SMS center, again using SMS center. This way the content provider does not need. SMS center specific protocol, just unified Kannel. SMS sending interface. Fully compliant with WAP 1. Already implements some WAP 1. WAP 2. 0 features. Supports WAP Push SI and SL.. Supports a variety of SMSC protocols, namely: CMG's UCP/EMI 4. Full support for MO and MT messages. Kannel is being developed on Linux systems. Unix- like. systems. However, we don't yet support other platforms, due to lack. Windows (through Cygwin), Solaris and Free. BSD. Kannel requires the following software environment. C compiler and libraries for ANSI C, with normal. Unix extensions such as BSD sockets and related tools. GNU's GCC tool- chain is recommended)The Gnome XML library (known as. See http: //xmlsoft. If you are installing it from your distribution's packages, you'll need. GNU Make. An implementation of POSIX threads. GNU Bison 1. 2. 8, if you want to modify the WMLScript. Kannel). Doc. Book processing tools: Doc. Book style- sheets. README, section. `Documentation', for more information (pre- formatted versions. Kannel. itself even without the documentation tools). GNU autoconf, if you want to modify the. Hardware requirements are fluffier. Some informal benchmarking. PC architecture (e. MHz. Pentium II with 1. MB RAM), SMS performance's bottleneck is always on the. SMSC side, even for example with multiple connections summing a pipeline with. We haven't benchmarked Kannel yet on WAP side, so there are. Chapter 2. Installing the gateway. This chapter explains how the gateway can be installed. The goal of this chapter is to get the gateway. Note: If you are upgrading from a previous version, please look at. Appendix A for any important information. The source code to. Kannel is available for download at http: //www. It is available in various formats and you can choose to download. Kannel for production use or to. If you're serious about development, you probably want to. CVS, the version control system used by the Kannel project. This allows you to participate in Kannel development much. CVS does that. for you. See the Kannel web site for more information on how. CVS.)The documentation for Kannel consists of three parts. User's Guide, i. e., the one. Architecture and. Design, in doc/arch or. The README and various other. You can also find general information on Kannel's. We intend to cover everything you need to install and use Kannel. User's Guide, but the guide is still. Similarly, the Architecture and. Design document should tell you everything you need. It's not a replacement for actually.
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